Essay about Person Environment -Correspondence Counseling

Person-Environment-Correspondence Counseling Freya Cooper-Richardson Troy University-Phenix City Vocational Psychology and Career Development PSY 6635 Dr. Thomas Peavy April 01, 2011 Person-Environment-Correspondence Counseling The concept of person-environment fit (P-E fit) is central to research in organizational behavior, organizational psychology, and human resource management (Dawis Lofquist, 1984; Edwards, Caplan, Harrison, 1998; Holland, 1997; Kristof, 1996; Walsh, Craik Price, 2000). P-E fit has been examined in reference to various person and environment constructs, such as employee needs and work- related rewards (Dawis, 1992; Edwards Harrison, 1993; Rice, McFarlin, Bennett, 1989), employee abilities†¦show more content†¦Second, a different number of matching criteria is used in each approach: six in Holland’s theory (or eight in Roe’s, 1956) and 20 in the Theory of Work Adjustment. Third, each approach is especially useful at a different stage of the career development process (Osipow, 1990): Interest theories have typically been applied in the context of counseling and during the career decision-making process, in which th e individual has to choose an occupation that fits him or her best, whereas the Theory of Work Adjustment has been typically applied to the workplace itself, that is in choosing and adjusting to a specific job (Gati et al. 1996). The orientation of the Theory of Work Adjustment toward specific jobs is reflected in the inclusion of characteristics such as coworkers, supervisors, and company policies and practices, which cannot typically be considered during the decision-making process about what occupation or training course to select (Gati et al. 1996). A reading of the P-O fit literature indicates that, in the course of its history, this literature initially focused more on organizational-level outcomes, such as organizational structure, culture, and effectiveness (Schneider et al., 2001), and later focused on theShow MoreRelatedTrait Factor Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesTrait- Factor (Parsons) As a person, my qualities involve empathy, sympathy, compassion, and caring for those in hardship. Through my upbringing, I took an interest aiding to animals, such for dogs, cats, and fish, who were neglected. At age ten-years-old, I rescued an orange cat by the name of Ginger. Ginger became the best furry friend, as a result animal rescue became my life calling. Since, I was/am caring and loving, I explored professions relating to aiding others. 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Shoppers Conduct towards Cereal and Snack Products of Kelloggs in Research Proposal

Essays on Shoppers' Conduct towards Cereal and Snack Products of Kelloggs in Australia Research Proposal The paper â€Å"Shoppers’ Conduct towards Cereal and Snack Products of Kellogg’s in Australia† is a thrilling example of a research proposal on marketing. The following paper is about a research report commissioned by Kellogg. The report indicates what type of research is needed, whether qualitative or quantitative. The method used to collect data, participants in the research, the sample size, and the method used in the selection. It also shows how the recommended research method and/or sample size would change if in case there was a present research finding.Executive summaryThe research proposal purposes to investigate the measure of shoppers’ attitudes and behavior towards cereal and snack products of Kellogg’s in Australia. Kellogg commissioned this brief research. Although past researches have been investigated in this field, there have been no clear results that have been provided to show exactly how customers feel about the product. The mode of data collection method will be the use of interviews, case studies and focus groups from a sample size of 500 people who are chosen randomly among the shoppers who come to the retail and wholesale shops where the products are supplied. The proposal also addresses ways of meeting the ethical requirements of study such as privacy and informed consent of the respondents. This proposal thus seeks to provide additional knowledge about the attitudes and behavior of shoppers towards Kellogg’s products. Through the research, the cereal and snack making organizations will be able to make relevant decisions according to their products regarding consumer tastes and preferences (Grix, 2004, p. 74). The research findings are presented to the board of directors of the organization.IntroductionAims and objectivesThe key inquiry of the research project is what are the shoppers’ attitudes and behavior towards Kellogg’s cereal and snack products in Australia. The main aim of t his research is to collect primary data from the field and analyze it. These aides in concluding whether Kellogg’s cereal and snack products are favorable and enjoyed among Australian shoppers. The main objective is to make a valid conclusion informed by credible research through the use of an appropriate research method.Specific objective- To investigate shopper’s attitudes and behaviors.- To analyze the popularity, of Kellogg’s cereal and snack products.- Find if the quality of Kellogg’s cereal and snack products match consumers' expectations.Literature reviewIn today’s society, most customers have changed their tastes and preferences regarding the products. Increased competition in the market has forced many industries or organizations to undertake marketing research. So as, to obtain information in which they will use to make well-informed decisions, to maximize efficiency in productions, and to minimize the risks that come along while producin g products. Kellogg’s Company has embarked on producing quality products by monitoring and controlling its production processes. Feedback is also extremely crucial to them as it is here that they know whether they are still on track or not (Kellogg's Australia and New Zealand - Home). The company advocates for marketing research regularly to obtain new information about the market. It is this reason that led to the commission of the research. Other scholars say that market research allows individuals such as governments, customers, suppliers, and companies to voice their issues and be heard (Burns and Ronald, 2000).

Arctic Conflict Position Paper free essay sample

And with the conflicts arising with the Arab states, the importance of the natural resources here will grow in importance economically and scientifically. As of now, the Russian Arctic is of a large economic significance to the Russian Federation, as all the Oil that is being drilled now, accounts for 40% of Russia’s GDP, but at the same time, the Siberia Reserves are slowly drying out, and Oil Giants like Shell are trying their best to penetrate through the economic, environmental, legal, and governmental walls of the Arctic. Currently, no country governs the Arctic region, but According the UNCLOS, Countries can claim seas 200 miles from their shores, and to extend that, they need to show scientific proof of the seabed being an extension of the continental shelf. There are currently 5 countries present in the Arctic geographically: USA (Alaska), Canada, Denmark, Norway amp; Russia. The Arctic region is already buzzing with military activity, as troops from various countries set up camps, battling the harsh cold, whilst the world awaits a new kind of cold war of the 21st century which may occur anytime; As people wait for the opening of the previously inaccessible ice for natural gas, oil, potential hydroelectricity, and economically the strongest, the opening up of sea routes. We will write a custom essay sample on Arctic Conflict Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is heavy militarisation by the 5 arctic countries as well as the world’s newest superpower: China. This militarisation involves various icebreakers, highly specialised submarines, and expenditure on more than 2000 troops. With more coming threat to â€Å"territorial claims† the Arctic countries toil to keep the land to themselves. With the increased interest by the non-Arctic countries, the expenditure of military increases as well. But the expenditure would be a mole as compared to the mountain of revenue these countries might gain if they start to drill for oil in this frozen runk of riches. There appears a threat to the flora, fauna and wildlife that resides in the snowy pockets as well. Habitats would be destroyed not only because of the melting of the polar region, but due to increased human intervention in a previously sparsely populated area. Austria being a Part of the EU, has not been able to gain permanent observership in the Arctic Council, and is landlocked; Yet Austria has ratified the UNCLOS. Austria is not actively involved in Arctic region conflict, but it imports a large amount of fossil fuels and natural gas from the Russian federation. To avoid jeopardizing the current stability of the Arctic, brokering an Arctic Council Security Agreement is perhaps the best way to avoid militarization of the Arctic in the longer-term. The Nations need to cooperate, and avoid a conflict, because this region can help the world’s increasing population with its hunger for petroleum and other resources including metal. The Arctic council and many other nations, all have a vested interest in a stable Arctic today for economic and security reasons. However, a regional security agreement should be put in place as the Arctic opens to increased exploitation to guarantee stability and security. Therefore, the republic of Austria would like the above changes to take place for a fruitful utilisation of the limited resources available to the world. This is important for the foreseeable future.

Australian Healthcare Policy-Key Features-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss the key Policy Challenges for the Australian Health Care System in the Present day. Answer: Australian Healthcare Policy Key Features and Challenges The Australian healthcare system is considered as the system associated with high performance and improved healthcare outcomes (Collier, 2013). The Australian healthcare system is principally based on the pattern of private financing and the overall healthcare funding is majorly undertaken by the corporate sector and associated agencies. The presently implemented healthcare policy in Australia caters to the localized healthcare requirements of the individuals of various age groups who experience elevated access to the healthcare facilities. Australian healthcare conventions advocate the requirement of providing the access to primary healthcare services to the eligible candidates (Collier, 2013). However, the Australian healthcare policies do not emphasize the implementation of extra measures for administering healthcare services to the rural communities located in the remote Australian regions. The Australian healthcare policy emphasizes the requirement of providing accessible health care services to the people of various age groups based on their medical necessities and individualized healthcare challenges (Collier, 2013). The greatest challenge faced by the healthcare professionals in terms of implementing the Australian healthcare policy conventions attributes to the elimination of healthcare barriers and facilitation of the role of advanced nurse practitioners for effectively customizing the healthcare interventions in accordance with the individualized challenges and treatment requirements of the patient population (Sayers DiGiacomo, 2010). Australian healthcare policy conventions advocate the requirement of an effective integration of the primary healthcare facilities with the objective of reducing the pattern of occurrence of chronic disease conditions across the community environment (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). The Australian Primary healthcare policies guide the regional healthcare centres in terms of undertaking healthcare planning and reforms in the funding approaches for the systematic improvement in the healthcare outcomes. Australian Health Insurance Act enacted on 1973 established a systematized healthcare structure categorized and funded concomitantly by the local, state and federal governments (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). The federal government provided healthcare funding over and above the range of public hospitals and caters to the requirements of allied healthcare with the utilization of rebates available in terms of fee-for-service. The local and state governments remai n accountable for the effective funding of the community healthcare interventions for the patient population. These governmental agencies also take some financial grant from the federal government for accomplishing the administration of complex healthcare interventions in various community-based healthcare settings (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). The HACC (Home and Community Care) program is administered through the collaboration of the territory and federal governments with the objective of maintaining the basic healthcare support structure (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). This program effectively focuses on the systematic administration of domestic healthcare interventions, nursing services, day care interventions for the geriatric population and the disabled youngsters across their residential locations. The major challenge faced by the Australian healthcare system attributes to the systematic integration of primary and secondary healthcare services across the community environment (Smith, 2012). Indeed, the lack of systematized funding by the federal and local governments, the administration of secondary healthcare interventions proves challenging that reciprocally impacts the wellness outcomes. The inappropriate division of funding between the state and federal governments creates numerous challenges in terms of providing continuity of healthcare services to eligible patients across clinical settings (Smith, 2012). The territorial and the state governments in Australia remain accountable for the administration of child and maternal healthcare interventions, dental services as well as psychiatric interventions in the public and private healthcare facilities. The lack of federal funding for these specialized interventions reduces the scope of their administration to the impoverished and underprivileged sections of the Australian society (Smith, 2012). This radically leads to various challenges in the equitable administration of these services in the healthcare settings. This further reduces the accountability of the healthcare system in terms of accomplishing the healthcare requirements of the Australian communities irrespective of their locations and financial capacities. The federal government in Australia takes the accountability of providing community based healthcare services to the elderly population in all the Australian states, excluding Victoria and Western Australia (Smith, 2012). Resultantly, the population of these excluded regions suffers the pattern of treatment bias and their individualized healthcare requirements remain unattended by the Australian healthcare system. Australian health policy development, implementation and evaluation processes The Australian healthcare policy is developed in a manner for enhancing the skills and competencies of the healthcare practitioners in the context of practicing health promotion conventions warranted for the systematic improvement in health and wellness outcomes of various Australian communities (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). The Australian healthcare policy is configured with the core objective of improving patient outcomes through the systematic improvement in various healthcare domains. The healthcare policy aims to implement and improve its initiatives across the entire sectors of the Australian government. The E4H policy structure adopted and implemented by the Australian State of Victoria advocates the requirement of configuring MPHPs (Municipal Public Health Plans) with the objective of taking into consideration the environmental and social health determinants for the systematic improvement in the patient outcomes (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). This healthcare policy assis ts in the development of economic, natural and social environments through evidence-based measures in the context of customizing the healthcare approaches in accordance with the treatment as well as care requirements of the patients of various age groups (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). This policy further integrates the healthcare plans implemented by various municipal health councils while effectively surpassing the healthcare barriers attributing to the social and financial constraints experienced by the patient population. This healthcare policy also advocates the requirement of inter-sectoral collaboration while considering the social and financial determinants of health and wellness across the community environment (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). This state healthcare policy is effectively supported by various stakeholders as well as the Department of Human Services. The Australian government systematically utilizes various healthcare policy levers with the objective of stabilizing the mental health and wellness of the people of various age groups (Grace, et al., 2015). Australian mental health policy is implemented through the administration of population-based healthcare interventions along with the preservation of the carer as well as the consumer rights. However, due to the access collection of tax by the federal government leads to the establishment of financial imbalance that potentially challenges the systematic administration of mental healthcare interventions by the state and territorial healthcare agencies (Grace, et al., 2015). Since, these local healthcare agencies do not acquire major financial support by the federal government, the fiscal deficit creates numerous challenges for them in administering unrestrained mental healthcare services to the eligible candidates. However, the Australian mental health policy (enacted in 2008-2013) attempted to customise the mental healthcare requirements of the patients while concomitantly advocating the equitable administration of healthcare services to all sections of the Australian Society (Grace, et al., 2015). The improvement in the healthcare reporting and accreditation standards and enhancement of the workforce agreements assisted in the administration of standardized healthcare interventions to the aboriginal Australians (Grace, et al., 2015). The development of joint and collaborative conventions and mutual agreements between the various government and healthcare agencies has assisted in the uninterrupted transfer of the patient to the medical facilities in accordance with the treatment requirements and healthcare needs (Grace, et al., 2015). However, major regulatory changes in the Australian healthcare policy are still required for improving the quality of patients care in the context of decreasing the length of their stay in the hospital setting as well as the en hancement in the healthcare outcomes. The evaluation processes acquired for the systematic monitoring of the Australian healthcare policy interventions focus on the periodic assessment of the healthcare teams, health jurisdictions and outcomes as well as the key stakeholders and the extent of their participation undertaken for the enhancement of the wellness outcomes of the patients population (Hinchcliff, et al., 2012). The thorough assessment of the Australian healthcare policy and conventions warrants the close collaboration between researchers, healthcare professionals, quality improvement teams as well as healthcare accreditation bodies (Hinchcliff, et al., 2012). Healthcare policy assessment outcomes prove to be the milestones for undertaking prospective healthcare measures for the systematic improvement in the patients outcomes across the community environment. The assessment of the Australian healthcare policy requires the utilization of pragmatic approaches and data capture methods for the identification of the contextual as well as environmental factors that might adversely influence the utilization of the policy measures across the healthcare sector (Haynes, et al., 2014). The prospective Australian healthcare interventions are expected to find their way from the analysis of the implications of the existing healthcare policies on the existing patient outcomes. Contemporary policy challenges for the Australian health care system In the present context, the private as well as public healthcare sectors in Australia function as individual entities in the absence of an effective coordination (Moles, 2015). This leads to the establishment of inconsistencies in the healthcare delivery systems that potentially impact the wellness outcomes across the community environment. The Australian healthcare professionals therefore, require integrating the healthcare services across the public as well as the private sectors for reducing these inconsistencies to the minimum extent. Multidisciplinary healthcare professionals in Australia need to understand the requirement and value of the provision of equitable and accessible healthcare services for all sections of the Australian Society (Saxon, Gray, Oprescu, 2014). Accordingly, they need to undertake robust healthcare evaluations and ascertain the administration of cost-effective community-based interventions for the indigenous Australians. The step is highly warranted with the objective of stabilizing the Australian healthcare system and elevating its worthiness across all sections of the Australian society. Evidence-based literature reveals the increased frequency of morbidities and mortalities in the Northern Territory of Australia (Zhao, You, Wright, Guthridge, Lee, 2013). The main reason of the same attributes to the socioeconomic disadvantage that the people of this Australian region continue to experience since long. The greatest challenge that the Australian healthcare system experiences, attributes to the elimination of the healthcare inequity from the community environment. Therefore, the contemporary healthcare policy warrants major reforms in terms of modification in the process of funding and revenue management between the state and federal governments. The modification in the funding structure is highly required for the equalized distribution of funds with the objective of maintaining accessible and equitable healthcare services for the Australian population. The Australian people affected with the pattern of sanitation and hygiene challenges, reduced income, unemployment and lack of education require appropriate consideration by the Australian healthcare system for maintaining the pattern of social justice and overcoming the healthcare disparities experienced by these people under the influence of socioeconomic inequalities (Zhao, You, Wright, Guthridge, Lee, 2013). The enhanced understanding of the quality of healthcare interventions prevalent across Australian hospitals and healthcare facilities is highly required for the systematic development of policy measures with the objective of improving the quality and safety of treatment procedures, physician leadership culture and associated patient outcomes (Tayor, et al., 2015). Periodic assessments of the healthcare quality are necessarily required for determining the scope of further improvement in the healthcare policy conventions in the context of enhancing the health and wellness of the Australian population. The Australian healthcare policy requires periodic modification in accordance with the patient care requirements and ongoing advancements in medical science and technology. Accordingly, the healthcare accreditation conventions, clinical practice models and organizational performances require a thorough investigation by the federal government for streamlining the pattern of healthcare deli very across the clinical settings (Greenfield, Pawsey, Hinchcliff, Moldovan, Braithwaite, 2012). The standards of care in the Australian clinical settings need to be framed in accordance with the treatment challenges and individualized healthcare requirements of the treated patients. Healthcare conventions must also consider the implementation of a systematic and well-define process of recruitment of healthcare teams with the objective of minimizing the scope of biasing in the selection process (Greenfield, Pawsey, Hinchcliff, Moldovan, Braithwaite, 2012). The healthcare policy must also accord the appropriate rights to the patient population in the context of ascertaining their effective participation in the process of medical-decision making. Therefore, equitable customization of healthcare interventions for the Australian population warrants periodic modifications in the policy conventions in accordance with the healthcare requirements of the treated patients. Bibliography Collier, R. (2013). Looking to Australia for help on health care. CMAJ, E251-E252. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4421 Davies, G. P., Perkins, D., McDonald, J., Williams, A. (2009). Integrated primary health care in Australia. International Journal of Integrated Care. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2787230/ Grace, F. C., Meurk, C. S., Head, B. W., Hall, W. D., Carstensen, G., Harris, M. G., Whiteford, H. A. (2015). An analysis of policy levers used to implement mental health reform in Australia 1992-2012. BMC Health Services Research. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1142-3 Greenfield, D., Pawsey, M., Hinchcliff, R., Moldovan, M., Braithwaite, J. (2012). The standard of healthcare accreditation standards: a review of empirical research underpinning their development and impact. BMC Health Services Research. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-329 Haynes, A., Brennan, S., Carter, S., OConnor, D., Schneider, C. H., Turner, T., Gallego, G. (2014). Protocol for the process evaluation of a complex intervention designed to increase the use of research in health policy and program organisations (the SPIRIT study). Implementation Science. doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0113-0 Hinchcliff, R., Greenfield, D., Moldovan, M., Pawsey, M., Mumford, V., Westbrook, J. I., Braithwaite, J. (2012). Evaluation of current Australian health service accreditation processes (ACCREDIT-CAP): protocol for a mixed-method research project. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001726 Leeuw, E. D., Clavier, C., Breton, E. (2014). Health policy why research it and how: health political science. Health Research Policy and Systems. doi:10.1186/1478-4505-12-55 Moles, R. J. (2015). Pharmacy Practice in Australia. CJHP, 418-426. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4605468/ Saxon, R. L., Gray, M. A., Oprescu, F. I. (2014). Extended roles for allied health professionals: an updated systematic review of the evidence. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 479-488. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S66746 Sayers, J. M., DiGiacomo , M. (2010). The nurse educator role in Australian hospitals: implications for health policy. Collegian, 77-84. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20738060 Smith, T. (2012). Overhauling health care Down Under. CMAJ, E205-E206. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4099 Tayor, N., Clay-Williams, R., Hogden, E., Pye, V., Li, Z., Groene, O., . . . Braithwaite, J. (2015). Deepening our Understanding of Quality in Australia (DUQuA): a study protocol for a nationwide, multilevel analysis of relationships between hospital quality management systems and patient factors. BMJ Open. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010349 Zhao, Y., You, J., Wright, J., Guthridge, S. L., Lee, A. H. (2013). Health inequity in the Northern Territory, Australia. International Journal for Equity in Health. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-12-79